RJ45 is a standard Ethernet interface and the primary access port on network switches. The RJ45 copper ports of a switch connect terminals such as computers, IP cameras, wireless APs, routers and servers via network cables to realize data transmission and signal switching within the local‑area network. It is applied for LAN networking, broadband access, surveillance data transmission and device cascading. Ports support auto‑negotiation, automatically switching between 10M/100M/1000M/2.5G/10G bandwidth. Some switches are equipped with an independent RJ45‑Console serial port for debug configuration, troubleshooting and initial device management, which is not an Ethernet data port.